Gluten intolerance is noticed by a faltering of weight gain and growth (CSP) ; it is certified by a therapeutic trial under the action of a glutenoprive regime. The aim of this work is an anthropometric study to assess the nutritional status of 16 patients with coeliac disease (MC) aged 08.43 ± 0.49 years ( X ± SE), examined in 3 phases (B1, B2 and B3). 9 hospitalized patients for reasons other than the coeliac disease will serve as witnesses. The P/T ratio was significantly increased in step (B2) to (B1) (p<0.05). The difference becomes significant when comparing B1 to B3 (p<0.01). The individual values of different anthropometric variables of patients with coeliac disease, show that 87.5% of cases have reached a phase of the CSP (B1). In phase (B2) and (B3), respectively CSP persists in 75% and 56.25% of the cases. In conclusion, the patients with coeliac disease have an important phase B1 failure to thrive. In a period of gluten restriction (RAG), it appears that the rate of CSP varies from one individual to another. Our results suggest that there is no standard length of the growth rate on the period of RAG.
Celiac disease (CD) is a common condition responsible for chronic, multifactorial, autoimmune enteropathy induced by the ingestion of cereal gluten in genetically predisposed individuals [
This condition affects both sexes with a homogeneous distribution and it appears at any age, most often during infancy and childhood [
The main clinical signs of celiac disease can occur at any time after the introduction of foods containing gluten in the diet. They are manifested by digestive disorders accompanied by a slowing down of growth and a fall in body weight; in the absence of diagnosis and early treatment, evidence of malnutrition gradually develops [
Emphasis has been placed here above all on one of the arguments of the positive diagnosis of gluten intolerance which is the clinical study ; whose main evocative elements are a clear break in the growth-weight curve (CSP) [
The diagnosis of certainty of this condition requires a therapeutic test confirming the improvement of this curve under the action of a gluten-free diet [
nutritional status of celiac subjects in the active phase of the disease and after restriction to gluten.
Subjects
25 subjects of both sexes including a group celiac patients (n = 16) and a control group
(n = 09) were formed from the objective criteria of inclusion and exclusion defined in our protocol :
Group cœliac patients
Has 16 subjects, age between 5 and 13 years (08.43 ± 0.49 years,
Description of the subjects
The general characteristics found in our patients are reported in (
|
|
Duration of breastfeeding | 08,39 ± 1,59 |
Age at the introduction of gluten | 05,37 ± 0,41 |
Age at the beginning of digestive disorders
|
22,31 ± 3,94 |
Age at diagnosis of CD | 64,87 ± 6,05 |
The frequency of the main clinical signs of celiac patients on admission is shown in (
Frequency of clinical signs of cœliac patients at admission (n=16).
Symptoms at the beginning | Percent
|
Diarrhea | 62,5 |
Abdominal distention | 87,5 |
Vomiting | 18,75 |
Anorexia | 81,25 |
Pallor | 81,25 |
Œdema | 43,75 |
Behavioral disorders | 100 |
Stato-weight delay | 87,5 |
Puberty delay | 06,25 |
n : number of subjects.
The association of celiac disease with other pathologies and / or clinical signs is summarized on (
Association of CD with other diseases and / or clinical signs (n = 16).
|
Percent
|
Parasitosis | 31,25 |
Acrodermatitis entéropatica | 06,25 |
n : number of subjects.
Control group
Formed of 09 subjects, aged 4 to 17 years (10.55 ± 1.47 years), hospitalized for reasons other than celiac disease and having to undergo a biopsy have a jejunal mucosa of strictly normal appearance.
Methods
Chronology of anthropometric measurements of MC subjects
Anthropometric measurements of celiac patients were carried out at different stages : in the active phase of the disease (B1), in the gluten exclusion phase (B2) that is to say after 111.00 ± 7.81 days / B1 and in healing phase (B3) that is to say after 261.00 ± 10.62 days / B2.
The individual values of the different anthropometric variables of the MC subjects are compared with standard data established by [
Diet and duration
After performing anthropometric measurements in patients with celiac disease during the active phase of the disease (B1), an essentially dietary treatment was instituted in this group until a definitive cure date. The principle of this treatment is based on the total exclusion of all foods containing gluten as well as products of industrial origin [
Statistical analysis
The results are expressed as mean ± standard error (
Anthropometric measurements
Anthropometric measures, especially weight and height are an index of the nutritional status of the subjects examined in our work. These parameters as well as the weight / size ratio are indicated in (
The results are expressed as mean ± standard error (
The averages obtained in the MC subjects are compared with each other using
Student's "t" test.
**p (B1/ B3) < 0,02.
the active phase of the disease (B1), in the exclusion phase of gluten (B2) and in the healing phase (B3). The results are expressed as mean ± standard error (
Student's "t" test.
*p (B1/ B2) < 0,05 ***p (B1/ B3) < 0,01.
Our results show that the weight and size of celiac subjects are comparable during the two experimental phases : B1 and B2. On the other hand, the P / T ratio is significantly increased in the exclusion phase of gluten (B2) compared to the active phase of the disease (B1) (p <0.05).
In the healing phase (B3), the weight of the celiac subjects is significantly increased compared to the active phase of the disease (B1) (p <0.01). Similarly, the difference in size becomes significant when comparing B1 to B3 (p <0.02). The P / T ratio is significantly higher in the healing phase (B3) than in the active phase of the disease (B1) (p <0.01). This P / T ratio is considered as a good indicator that provides information on the evolution of the growth-weight curve before and at the end of the gluten restriction phase.
If we consider the individual values of the different anthropometric variables of celiac subjects compared to standard data established by [
5% of the sick subjects have an impairment of the weight-of-weight curve In the gluten exclusion phase, that is to say after 11100 ± 781 days of gluten-free diet (B2), this impairment of the weight-of-weight curve persists in 75% of cases Finally, in the healing phase, ie after 26100 ± 1062 days of gluten-free diet (B3), this impairment of the weight-of-weight curve still persists in 5625% of cases
|
|
Reference subjects | 100 |
MC subjects (stage B1) | 87,5 |
MC subjects (stage B2) | 75 |
MC subjects (stage B3) | 56,25 |
At the same time, the 09 patients hospitalized for reasons other than celiac disease show an impairment of the weight-loss curve in 100% of cases compared to standard data established by [
In the active phase of the disease (B1), 87.5% of the subjects presented an impairment of the weight-height curve (CSP) compared to standard data established by [
At the same time, 12.5% of sick people have a normal weight-of-weight curve. Results concordant with the work of [
In this respect, we conclude that the anthropometric parameters show that celiac subjects have a significant failure to thrive in the active phase of the disease.
The therapeutic test demonstrates a rapidly favorable clinical course occurring in 12.5% of cases returning to a normal weight-normal curve after 111.00 ± 7.81 days. These results confirm the work of [
After
As for the remaining cases, the weight-and-weight impairment persists in 56.
In fact, we note in these subjects with these lesions that the differences for these three parameters are respectively significant when comparing B1 to B3 (p <0.01, p <0.02, p <0.01).
In addition, it is well established that a 16% increase in the anthropometric index is noted in phase (B3) compared to phase (B1). This explains why the evolution of this index shows a certain nutritional recovery in celiac subjects.
From this, we note that the exclusion of gliadin leads to a normalization of the CSP in some subjects, while others have a favorable catch-up and weight gain, but do not reach the values observed in normal subjects.
In light of these observations made during the gluten-free period, it appears that the rate of growth in weight and weight varies from one individual to another, since it is probably possible for several factors to intervene, such as the age of the individual, its constitution, its genetics, the socio-economic level of the parents, the cultural level, the ecological factors. We must not forget the strict non-compliance of the gluten-free diet, which is the most frequent reason for the absence of a favorable clinical result. All the more so, as these results seem to indicate that there is no standard duration of growth rate with respect to the gluten restriction period.
At the same time, the 09 subjects in the control group had 100% CSP impairment compared to standard data [
At the end of this study, anthropometric parameters allowed us to assess the nutritional status of celiac subjects. According to these criteria, celiac subjects have a significant failure to thrive, which is an indicator of early malnutrition in the active phase of the disease.
In times of gluten restriction, it appears that the rate of growth in weight and weight varies from one individual to another, since it is probably possible that several factors intervene.
Our results suggest that there is no standard duration of growth rate for the gluten restriction period.