International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention

Assessment Of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Among Women at High-risk Pre-eclampsia and Normotensive Pregnancy

2024-06-23T07:45:20+00:00

Background: Preeclampsia is a prevalent gestational complication, affecting approximately 2 to 15% of pregnancies. It generally occurs near-term and is associated with various risk factors, including maternal age, nulliparity, obesity, thrombocytopenia, calcium deficiency, and chronic kidney disease. Preeclampsia leads to either severe or mild conditions in both mother and fetus.

Aim: This study aims to assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in women at high risk for preeclampsia compared to those with normotensive pregnancies

Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted to assess maternal and fetal outcomes in preeclamptic patients and those with normotensive pregnancies. The study included a total of 40 patients, with an equal number of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. Data were collected on patient demographics, risk factors, and maternal and fetal outcomes. A risk assessment scale was employed to validate and refine the prediction of the occurrence and severity of preeclampsia.

Results: Among the 40 patients, the median age was 25 (22-29) years. The majority of the preeclamptic patients were <21 years of age (40%) and >30 years of age (10%), and most belonged to lower socioeconomic classes (90%). Nutritional deficiency (95%) was the predominant risk factor. A significant incidence of maternal and neonatal complications was observed.

Conclusion : This study revealed that risk factors exacerbate complications and adverse outcomes. Mild to severe outcomes were observed. Serious complications lead to maternal and neonatal deaths. Modifiable risk factors should be identified and reviewed regularly to reduce severe outcomes.

The Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology for analysing MRI images of uterine fibroids – the difficulties and limitations

2024-06-27T09:42:36+00:00

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is now frequently used to diagnose uterine fibroids and to determine the treatment approach for minimally invasive surgery and non-invasive focussed ultrasound (HIFU) surgery. However, MRI images of some fibroids can be difficult to identify accurately. In this paper, we explain in simple terms the approaches used in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) study of MRI imaging that can analyse, learn, and increase the sensitivity of determining the sizes, locations, number of fibroids and their abnormalities. The difficulties and limitations of AI application to automatic analysis of MRI fibroid images in our early study are discussed. This paper hopes to arouse the interest of medical professionals to understand how the mechanism of AI can help analyse MRI images and incorporate AI into their daily imaging work.

Characterization of Patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding From the 15th Health Regional Attended At Memorial Uningá Hospital

2024-06-26T14:15:09+00:00

Acute gastrointestinal bleeding cases, whether upper or lower, are considerably common medical emergencies, requiring accurate diagnosis to provide appropriate treatment for each patient and thus avoid longer hospitalization times and costs. In early 2022, Memorial Uningá Hospital positioned itself as a reference center for treating such patients originating from the 15th Health Regional of Maringá, allowing for a cross-sectional observational study using secondary data from electronic medical records. This work aims to gather such data and evaluate its impact on the hospital routine. During the study period, a total of 114 patients with a diagnosis of the disease were treated. The prevalence was 85.4 cases per 1000 admissions. Regarding deaths, 18 were recorded, with an average age of 74.8 years for these patients and occurring equally between sexes, resulting in a lethality rate of 157.8 per 1,000 cases. The most important risk factors that may be related to the evolution and occurrence of bleeding can be considered the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticoagulant use, smoking, and alcoholism. Thus, through this study, it was possible to conclude that, as found in current literature, gastrointestinal bleeding cases still present a high incidence in society today. The bleeding etiologies are variable and have changed in frequency over the years. Knowledge of these variations is essential for improving the management of these patients, allowing for the development of protocols aimed at minimizing failures in this type of care.

Integrated bioinformatics analysis in left atrial appendage of patients with atrial fibrillation for better understanding of atrial fibrillation associated thrombus formation

2024-06-14T09:00:18+00:00

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachycardia in clinic. However, the potential pathogenesis of AF associated thrombus formation is limited. Due to left atrial appendage (LAA) is the main source of thrombus formation. we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LAA between AF and SR (sinus rhythm), which were obtained from 43 left atrial appendage (LAA) samples from 20 cases of AF and 23 cases of SR in the expression profiles of GSE79768 and GSE115574 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The DEGs were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, including gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments by DAVID and KOBAS online analyses. A total of 96 DEGs containing 27 downregulated and 69 upregulated genes were identified between AF and SR. GO analysis showed that the biological processes of DEGs included cellular responses to cytokine, antigen processing and presentation, and basement membrane disassembly. The main cellular components focused primarily on cell surface and the molecular functions focused primarily on IgG binding. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these DEGs were enriched in 8 KEGG pathway, including staphylococcus aureus infection, tuberculosis, phagosome, asthma, leishmaniasis, antigen processing and presentation, salivary secretion and gap junction. which mainly involved in immune response and inflammation. A network of DEGs was confirmed including 46 nodes and 84 edges, which presented the interaction of DEGs. Collectively, DEGs and pathways were screened in LAA of AF, which is beneficial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying AF associated thrombus formation.