https://valleyinternational.net/index.php/ijmsci/issue/feedInternational Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention2024-03-10T18:32:47+00:00Valley Internationalinfo@valleyinternational.netOpen Journal Systems<p>Welcome to the International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention (IJMSCI). Our journal is dedicated to publishing cutting-edge research and innovative clinical advancements in the field of medical science.</p> <p>Our mission is to serve as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to disseminate their findings and share their expertise with the global community. IJMSCI provides a wide-ranging and interdisciplinary forum for the exchange of ideas and information in the areas of medical science, clinical practice, and invention.</p> <p>We publish original research articles, review articles, case reports, and short communications in all areas of medical science and clinical invention, including but not limited to, internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, dermatology, orthopedics, neurology, and oncology.</p> <p>At IJMSCI, we strive to maintain the highest standards of quality and rigor in our publishing process. Our editorial board comprises experts from leading medical institutions worldwide, and our peer-review process ensures that only the most relevant, novel, and impactful research is published.</p> <p>We welcome submissions from researchers and clinicians around the world and encourage you to share your work with us. If you have any questions or need assistance, our editorial team is here to help.</p> <p>Join the global community of medical science and clinical invention experts and stay ahead of the curve with IJMSCI!</p>https://valleyinternational.net/index.php/ijmsci/article/view/4712Analysis of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) Genes Among Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Eastern Turkey2024-02-19T16:02:39+00:00Ömer AKGÜLo.akgul@yyu.edu.tr<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Urinary tract infections are a common occurrence worldwide, with females being more susceptible than males. Infections can manifest as asymptomatic bacteriuria or more severe forms such as sepsis. This study aims to analyse the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes of <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em> responsible for causing urinary tract infections.</p> <p><strong>Material and Method: </strong>Microbiological evaluation was conducted using conventional culture method, API 20E (API-bioMérieux, France), antibiotic susceptibility tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 145 <em>E. coli</em> strains were collected from 96 (66.2%) outpatients and 49 (33.8%) hospitalised patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). The resistance rates of <em>E. coli</em> strains to quinolone antibiotics were as follows: nalidixic acid in 102 strains (70.3%), ciprofloxacin in 96 strains (66.2%), ofloxacin in 73 strains (50.3%), gatifloxacin in 47 strains (32.4%), levofloxacin in 41 strains (28.3%) and moxifloxacin in 32 (22%) strains. Based on the PCR test results, it was found that 80% (116) of the isolates carried at least one PMQR gene. Furthermore, 31.9% (37/116) of the isolates were found to carry two or three PMQR markers simultaneously.</p> <p><strong>Discussion and Conclusion: </strong>The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of quinolone resistance among <em>E. coli</em> strains isolated from patients with UTI. To control the high rate of spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, it is crucial for all healthcare facilities to implement more careful management of antibiotic use and adhere to procedures set by infection control programmes.</p>2024-03-03T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Inventionhttps://valleyinternational.net/index.php/ijmsci/article/view/4714Thrombophilia and newborn2024-02-26T15:31:50+00:00Tatyana Itovataniaitova@abv.bg<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The term thrombophilia (TF) describes disorders associated with an increased predisposition of developing venous thromboembolism. Thrombotic accidents during pregnancy are now widely recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality.</p> <p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare maternal and term newborn (NB) characteristics between healthy and thrombophilic pregnancies.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 31 full-term newborns whose mothers were diagnosed with TF before the current pregnancy and treatment was carried out through it. In the control group were included 37 full-term NBs. NB indicators which were used are gender, gestation age, birth weight, Apgar score, morbidity during the early neonatal period, hospital stay, treatment during the early neonatal period. The indicators for the mothers are the type of TF, mechanism of childbirth, sequence of pregnancy and sequence of childbirth.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>In the observed groups of patients, we found that mothers with TF have an average higher age and have a higher number of unsuccessful pregnancies. Тhey more often give birth by operation. The higher the number of maternal TF mutations, the more unsuccessful pregnancies. The NB of mothers with TF have a lower Apgar score, develop RDS more often during the early neonatal period and need a larger volume of therapeutic manipulations and have a significantly longer hospital stay.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> TF in pregnant women, even when adequate treatment is administered during pregnancy, is associated with increased morbidity in their full-term NBs during the early neonatal period. This requires additional therapeutic measures in full-term newborns and is associated with a prolonged hospital stay.</p>2024-03-14T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Inventionhttps://valleyinternational.net/index.php/ijmsci/article/view/4719Future directions on Antibody-Drug Conjugates in HER-2 negative Breast Cancer: a Comprehensive Review of New Agents2024-03-10T18:32:47+00:00Pedro Marchiori Cacilhaspedromcacilhas@gmail.comYasmin Silva Guimarãesyguimaraes@hcpa.edu.brPablo Moura Barriospabarrios@hcpa.edu.brPedro Emmanuel Rubini Liedkeprliedke@gmail.com<div class="page" title="Page 2"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>Background: Breast Cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women with a rising incidence. Antibody-drug conjugates targeting HER2 and TROP-2 are new tools already effective against breast cancer but ADCs targeting new transmembrane receptors are necessary to overcome the dependence on HER-2 pathway. New trials are emerging fast as new ADCs are under investigation. Methods: We reviewed ClinicalTrials.gov and Pubmed for early clinical trials on new ADCs in clinical development for HER-2 negative breast cancer. Results: Trials testing 12 new molecules were found. Pre-clinical studies, safety and results in phase I/II trials published of each new molecule were reviewed and described briefly. Side effects regarding ADCs with maytansine derivatives (DM1/4) or auristatins (MMAE/MMAF) payloads were described. Conclusion: ADCs represent a practice-changing therapy for cancer treatment. New compounds against several new targets are expected to become part of clinical practice in the near future.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>2024-03-20T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Inventionhttps://valleyinternational.net/index.php/ijmsci/article/view/4701Description of Saliva Viscosity in Underweight Toddlers among 3-5 Years at Silo II Health Center Working Area Jember Regency2024-01-24T02:56:25+00:00Ristya Widi Endah Yanilimaapril77@gmail.comSurartono Dwiatmokomommi.fkg@unej.ac.idSalsabila Irmansyahsalsasal48@gmail.com<p><strong>Background; </strong>Underweight is a health issue as one of the causes of infant mortality. UNICEF states that underweight contributes to more than one-third of the 9,2 million children under 5 years old, which succumb to death. Underweight toddlers have the potential to increase the risk of dental caries and disrupt the growth of salivary glands, leading to a decreased saliva flow rate. In underweight children, the lack of nutrition during the growth period can have a permanent impact on salivary glands and result in high saliva viscosity.</p> <p><strong>Objective</strong>: This research was conducted in the working area of Silo II Community Health Center in Jember Regency, with the aim of examining the characteristics of saliva in underweight toddlers aged 3-5 years, especially about salivary viscosity.</p> <p><strong>Material and Methods: </strong>A total of 161 toddlers were the subjects of the study, and saliva was collected using the unstimulated spitting method, followed by the measurement of saliva viscosity using an Ostwald viscometer.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The research findings indicate that underweight toddlers have high saliva viscosity with an average of 15,72 cP. Analysis based on age variables shows that 3-4-year-old toddlers have the highest average saliva viscosity (15,77 cP), while based on the severity of underweight, toddlers categorized as severely underweight have the highest average saliva viscosity (17,15 cP).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the condition of saliva viscosity in underweight toddlers in the operational area of Puskesmas Silo II indicates high values, attributed to the insufficient intake of nutrients during the growth period..</p>2024-03-22T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Inventionhttps://valleyinternational.net/index.php/ijmsci/article/view/4718Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Ischemic Stroke in Elderly Patient with Thrombocytopenia2024-03-08T05:33:49+00:00Ricky Candra Wijayahuangricky95@gmail.com<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Stroke remains as one of the diseases with a high mortality and morbidity which could be prevented by a prompt and concise treatment. Intravenous thrombolysis (IV-rTPA) is the mainstay treatment for hyperacute ischemic stroke with onset less than 4.5 hours. However, there are several contraindications that should be monitored, one of them being thrombocytopenia. We would like to report the use of IV-rTPA in geriatric patient with thrombocytopenia to highlight the efficacy and safety profile of the drug.</p> <p><strong>Case Report: </strong>A 85-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency ward with weakness on the left extremities, slurred speech, and right-upward gaze of the eyes one hour prior to the admission in ER. Her history was significant for hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus. Physical examination revealed a muscle strength of +5/+1, left 7<sup>th</sup> and 12<sup>th</sup> cranial nerves palsy, a NIHSS score of 15, and a RACE score of 7. The laboratory result was significant for thrombocytopenia (96.000/μl). IV-rTPA was administered and two hours later, we noticed an improvement of the patient’s NIHSS score to 11. During the IV-rTPA administration, we noted a minor gum bleed, which was considered insignificant. The patient was admitted to the ICU and observed for the next 72 hours. No signs of bleeding or clinical deterioration were observed during that period.</p> <p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Numerous studies have confirmed the efficacy of IV-rTPA in acute ischemic stroke if administered before 4,5 hours of onset. Thrombocytopenia is known as a contraindication of IV-rTPA which may increase the risk of bleeding. In this case, IV-rTPA is administered due to hyperacute onset and no known history of bleeding, even though the platelet count was low. Therefore, IV-rTPA may be considered if the benefits outweigh the risks with a thorough monitoring of the patient’s condition. </p>2024-03-15T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention