International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention

Resettlement Implementation in Water Projects: A Case of Northern Collector Tunnel Murang'a County

2024-11-25T17:58:29+00:00

Large-scale water projects threaten livelihood and disrupt communities due to demand for large tracts of land (Walelign & Lujala, 2022). Despite conducting social impact assessment, water projects carry unexpected twists that extend for years. This paper focused on Murang’a Northern Collector tunnel, Murang’a County in Kenya through an ex-post facto design with descriptive survey analysis. It described the impacts of resettlement restoration efforts in water projects. The total land affected by Phase 1 was about 10.766 acres disrupting around 657 people (World Bank Group, 2019). The study found that the affected persons were dissatisfied with the resettlement process. Stakeholders complained of delayed and insufficient compensation, lack of access to water in the project area, and limited public participation. A sample of 261 respondents was used to draw conclusions. The correlation coefficient for the study was R=0.886 with

P<0.001, F=163.550, and adjusted R²=0.779. This indicated that the regression model was statistically significant and resettlement implementations contribute to variation in project outcomes. In examining the individual variables most of the participants disagreed or strongly disagreed they were satisfied with the process of resettlement. The paper proposed policy change, adequate multi-stakeholder engagement and harmonization of valuation for fair compensation of land acquired during projects and livelihood restoration.

National Security Strategy Considerations: Reflections on Zambia

2024-11-27T06:02:31+00:00

In this paper, the author highlights the importance of a National Security strategy to the overall development and well-being of any country. The author observes that National Security has a direct bearing on the development process of a country as several forms of insecurity have the potential of disrupting and preventing the development process of any country.

The author argues that in a modern democracy the National Security Sector has an important role to play in defending the constitution and protecting the ideals of democracy. The author further argues that good governance is a critical element in ensuring a viable National Security Strategy.

Given the critical role national security plays in the development process of a country and the need to have a national security strategy in order to effectively and efficiently respond to various threats to national security, the paper highlights some of the critical National Security Strategy considerations to be taken into account in the formulation of a consolidated National Strategy.

The author concludes that, given the fact that the threats to national security in Zambia are numerous and interrelated, there is need to urgently put in place a consolidated national security strategy that can deal with the various threats in a more coordinated manner. The author finally concludes that there is a direct correlation between good governance and the various sources of insecurity.

The Efficacy of Peer Tutoring on Math Achievement in Supplementary Examinations for First-Year Bachelor of Primary Education Students.

2024-12-02T14:40:00+00:00

This study investigates the effectiveness of peer tutoring in enhancing mathematics achievement among first-year Bachelor of Primary Education students who face challenges leading to supplementary examinations. It seeks to understand how peer tutoring impacts students' confidence in mathematics, factors influencing their interest in the subject post-tutoring, and their perceptions of traditional teaching methods compared to peer tutoring effectiveness. Despite the inclusion of a foundational mathematics course, many students encounter difficulties, prompting a reliance on supplementary exams. Peer tutoring presents a potential solution to enhance understanding and confidence, thereby improving educational outcomes within the Bachelor of Primary Education program. The study employs a mixed-method case study design, combining quantitative analysis of pre/post-test scores with qualitative insights from surveys, with ethical considerations including informed consent and confidentiality measures. The population comprises first-year Bachelor of Primary Education students facing supplementary exams, with a purposive sample selected for thorough exploration of research questions. Results indicate significant improvements in students' confidence and interest in mathematics post-tutoring, highlighting peer interactions and interactive teaching styles as key motivators. The findings affirm the positive impact of peer tutoring in addressing foundational mathematics challenges and underscore the need to integrate peer tutoring into teacher preparation programs and revise curricula to prioritize active learning strategies for improved educational outcomes.

Enhancing Teaching Practice Coordination: Exploring School Mentors' Perspectives on Assessment Rubrics and Their Role in Guiding Student Teachers.

2024-12-02T14:31:44+00:00

Effective teaching practices are crucial for fostering the intellectual development of learners, thereby making the evaluation of instructional practices during Teaching Practice (TP) sessions imperative. This study aims to investigate primary and secondary school mentor teachers' perceptions about teaching practice assessment rubrics and their role as mentor teachers, all to enhance teaching practice coordination. Drawing from constructivist, social cognitive, situated learning, professional identity development, and critical pedagogy theories, a qualitative case study approach was employed within an interpretivist paradigm. Data were collected through focus group discussions from 77 secondary and primary school mentors during a teaching practice orientation workshop in the central region of Botswana. The analysis of data was thematic, revealing mentor teachers' perceptions of assessment rubrics, challenges faced, and readiness to supervise student teachers. Results indicate that while mentors perceive the rubrics as effective tools, challenges such as lack of clarity and workload burden exist. The study further recommends enhancing assessment rubric clarification, addressing workload issues, improving student teacher resource supports, promoting collaboration, as well as conducting further research on teaching practice coordination. Implementing these recommendations can enhance teaching practice effectiveness, better preparing aspiring teachers for future roles, and fostering a supportive learning environment.

Property Investment Measurement (IAS 40) And Quality of Financial Statements of Listed Pharmaceutical Firms in Nigeria

2024-12-06T12:01:58+00:00

Pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria encounter several unique challenges when applying IAS 40 for the measurement of investment properties. These challenges are largely due to the complexity of the standards, management's potential manipulation of financial results, and Nigeria's unique economic and regulatory context. This study investigated the impact of investment property measurement under IAS 40 on the financial reporting quality of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, collecting data from selected pharmaceutical companies using structured questionnaires. The study analyzed responses from 95 employees through multiple regression analysis with SPSS 25. The results indicated that the cost method had a positive insignificant effect on the reliability of financial statements (β1 = 0.009; p = 0.532 > 0.05). In contrast, the fair value method for measuring investment property demonstrated a positive and significant effect on the reliability of financial statements in Nigerian pharmaceutical companies (β2 = 0.203; p = 0.032 < 0.05). Similarly, while the cost method had a positive effect on the comparability of financial statements (β1 = 0.051), this relationship was not statistically significant (p = 0.423 > 0.05). However, the fair value method showed a significant positive effect on the comparability of financial statements (β2 = 0.355; p = 0.017 < 0.05). The study recommends that Nigerian pharmaceutical firms adopt the fair value method for measuring investment properties to enhance financial statement reliability and comparability, promoting more transparent and accurate financial reporting.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Kenya’s National Green Finance Strategy in Achieving Sustainable Economy and Climate Goals.

2024-12-19T01:57:28+00:00

Kenya acknowledges the imperative of integrating green finance into its financial systems to combat climate change and promote environmental sustainability. Despite its commitment to a comprehensive green finance strategy, there remains a significant gap in understanding its actual impact. This study assesses Kenya’s National Green Finance Strategy, focusing on its effectiveness in achieving climate goals by mobilizing green investments and influencing financial institutions to adopt sustainable practices. The primary variables studied include the alignment of financial policy and institutions with green finance principles and the mobilization of green investments. Grounded in Stakeholder Theory and the Theory of Sustainable Finance, the study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating policy analysis, stakeholder interviews, and case studies. Initial findings highlight progress in fostering green finance while exposing deficiencies in regulatory frameworks, financial inclusion, and public awareness. Although the strategy has partially mobilized green investments, financial institutions have not fully embraced green finance principles. Regression analysis demonstrated high explanatory power (R² = 0.9992, Adjusted R² = 0.9962, F-statistic = 330.8, p = 0.04121), confirming the significant role of financial and institutional resources in mobilizing green investments. Granger causality tests revealed potential temporal dependencies between investment inflows and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, showing significant self-causality within GHG emissions data. However, GDP and renewable energy share showed no significant effects. The study concludes that addressing gaps in regulatory frameworks, enhancing financial inclusion, and raising public awareness are critical. Implementing these recommendations could fortify Kenya’s green finance mechanisms, contribute significantly to global climate goals, and provide a model for other developing nations striving to align their financial systems with sustainability principles. By tackling these challenges, Kenya can unlock its full potential in mobilizing green investments, fostering institutional change, and driving the transition to a low-carbon economy. The study further establishes that the development of stakeholder engagement frameworks is necessary, actively engaging local governments, the community, and private investors in the design and delivery of green finance projects and ensuring participatory processes underpin the projects, a precept of Stakeholder Theory.