Abstract

This paper explored urbanites’ awareness and compliance (i.e., adherence and non–adherence) with planning legislation (acts), standards, and regulations in improvised urban spaces within planned settlements in Dar–es–Salaam city, Tanzania. The paper employed a case study strategy with a sequential explanatory mixed–methods approach, i.e., qualitative and quantitative methods. Multiple data collection methods were employed, i.e., questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), non–participatory observations, photographic documentation, and sketches for primary data, as well as documentary review for secondary data. It also employed a descriptive case study strategy, focusing on Sinza “A” in Dar–es–Salaam. A total of 110 questionnaires were distributed via stratified random sampling to building owners, tenants, and officials from LGAs, CGAs, and MDAs, with 106 (i.e., 96.4%) correctly filled and returned. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and processed, and quantitative data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25 for descriptive and inferential statistics (one–sample t–test). Meanwhile, the qualitative data employed content and thematic analysis. This paper revealed that awareness of existing urban planning regulatory framework was low among the majority of respondents. The main reason revealed was a lack of adequate urban planning, housing professionals, and financial resources to create awareness. Again, adherence to planning standards was low, with reasons for non–adherence being mainly due to bureaucratic delays, the complex and lengthy process of obtaining permits, and a lack of public awareness of urban planning regulatory framework. The adherence and application were mostly in land acquisition, and the application of development control when applying for a building permit. All 5–Likert scaled factors, were statistically significant (p–value < 0.05). The study concludes by recommending strengthening institutional frameworks by reviewing and enacting existing and proposed regulatory instruments; increasing the number of trained staff at all administrative levels, down to the “Mtaa” level; and providing better funding, equipment, and ICT tools for central and local authorities. It insists on reducing bureaucratic barriers, enhancing public awareness, and involving urban residents early through a bottom–up planning approach. It also emphasizes long–term monitoring of informal development by combining GIS, remote sensing, and field surveys to track spatial improvisation and changes in informality in planned settlements.

Keywords

  • Urban Space
  • Improvisation
  • Urban Planning
  • Regulatory Framework
  • Planned Settlements
  • DaresSalaam

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