Abstract

Dyslexia  is  rapidly increased  during the  covid  - 19 pandemic due to  the lockdown effect,  shows that  many  children are  at  home  lack  peer communication and play . the children are  stressed  and  anxious  due to  on line  classes.  However, frequency of  communication among the  children  has  reduced  and  no proper interactions.

Dyslexia

is a developmental reading difficulty in children. Dyslexic children usually have a normal range of intelligence. They tryhard tofollow instructions, concentrate and be good at home in school.Yet, despite this effort he or she is unable to master school tasks and lag behind which results in embarrassing situation and school failure for him /her.

The child with dyslexia struggles to read and may start reading aword from the middle or from the end of a sentence. He / she demonstrate reading achievement thatis below expected levels for the children his/ her age, education and intelligence. National Institute of Neurological disorders and stroke. {N.I.N.D.S} confirms that learning disability one in five students or 15 to 20% of language based learning disability. About

5% of the population will have severe reading disability. Less than 1/3 of the children with reading disability were receiving school services. Boys & girls appear to be equal. Dyslexia also called pure word blind, congenital word blindness, reading backward, alexia or slow learning.

Dyslexia: Gift or affliction or Neurological Deficiency.

Dyslexic children need learning support from parents and Teacher. It is important to strengthen child self – confidence. Some top Scientists, engineers , painters and athletes’ have been dyslexics – Albert Einstein , Thomas Edison , Alexander Graham Bell, Leonard Vinci , Walt Dinsey , Winston Churchill. Woodrow Wilson and many more.

What is dyslexia: causes and symptoms :

Dyslexia is caused by developmentaldelay and maturation log, abnormalities in the left hemisphere and frontal speech regions inboth hemispheres. Complication during pregnancy, Premature children , cerebral palsy and epileptic children, Abnormal testosterone level in foetal blood during developmental period, Children brought up in large families. Dyslexia is prevalent among family members. According to American study the risk that child will have dyslexia isincreased from 4 to 13 times if one of the parents has dyslexia.

Errors in oral reading :

Omission, addition, distortion, substitution, slow reading andmispronunciation are common errors made by the dyslexic child. The child struggling to pronounce every word or hesitates while reading. In severe cases theproblem inreading inindividual letter, sentence and even a pagemay be seen.

Spelling changes:

Seen from early stages of learning to spell.

Behavioral changes:

Low self-esteem , shame , humiliation , demoralization , lack of motivation , sense of un happiness, dis like for reading and writing and decreased interest towards school , frustration , anxiety and depression are seen dyslexic children.

Memory:

Failure inboth memory recall andsustained memory.Usually short term memory is affected and they show an in ability to draw conclusion.

Reversal of words andNumbers.

A number of words and numbers are reversed by dyslexic children for example,b with d , on with no , c with s .Numbers, 25 with 52, 12 with 21,14 with 41, 18 with 81, 26 with 62.

Method of Identifying :

IQ tests, Standard achievementtest, standardized spellingtest, picture test and sentence completion test are used toidentify dyslexic children.

Overcoming dyslexia

Educational approach and psycho social approaches areused totrain the child with dyslexia. Educational approaches include , reading mastery , corrective reading , advance reading program, reciprocal teaching , perceptual skills training and occupational therapy. The psychosocial, Parental guidance and training, social skill training.

The role of dyslexia organizations :

There are many dyslexic organizations that are working for dyslexic children in all over the world. They provide vital support andadvice forparents, teacher, and health professionals. Collaborative projects and conference.

Conclusion

In conclusion, dyslexia is prevalent in our society, though not well recognized or understood. It is a life-long condition, which affect both children in school and adults in their vocational and social environments. Adults with dyslexia do exist and often are not recognized since they appear to function well in society.

Further, research needed to identify the nature of dyslexia and strategies that can be employed to achieve this goal. Individuals with dyslexia can learn to read, and with the right guidance, assistance and resources, can do so with a sense of accomplishment, skill and confidence.

However all, Dyslexics needs lot of support and cooperation and structured Training during the Covid - 19 Pandemic ..

Acknowledgement :

I extend my thanks to my mother Sril Lalitha and my wife and son Mrs. Suchitra Bheemaraju & T.B. Manjeeth for constant encouragement and support.

References

1. Aaron, P.G., Wleklinski, M. and Wills, C. (1993) ‘Developmental dyslexia as a cognitive style’, in Joshi, R.M. and Leong, C.K. (eds) Reading Disabilities: Diagnosis and Component Processes, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
2. Reid, G. and Kirk, J. (2001) Dyslexia in Adults: Education and Employment, Chichester, John Wiley.
3. Richardson, A.J. and Ross, M.A. (2000) ‘Fatty acid metabolism in neurodevelopmental disorder: a new perspective on associations between ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia and the autistic spectrum’, Prostaglandins Leukotr Essential F