Abstract

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome has become one of the major public-health challenges worldwide [35]. Metabolic syndrome (Met S) is a cluster of metabolically related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and abnormal glucose. Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among adults in developed countries and is an emerging health problem in developing countries. The criteria used for defining Metabolic syndrome are those proposed by International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education ProgrammeAdult Treatment Pannel-III (NCEP-ATP III). Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its components, and its major risk factors among adults ≥ 20 in Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia according to IDF and NCEP ATP III criteria. The purpose of these definitions is to find out the edge group in the population who are at increased risk of developing cardio-metabolic diseases (CVDs / CHDs). Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence of Met S in accordance with the stepwise approach of WHO. Met S prevalence was determined from the anthropometric measurements and biochemical estimations by using IDF and NCEP ATP -III definitions. Results and discussion: The overall prevalence of Met S in adults, ≥ 20 years was estimated to be 16.7% (IDF criteria) and 10.5 % (NCEP ATPIII criteria). The prevalence rate gradually increased as on aging with a decline in the old age. The prevalence rate was observed to be the highest among the 45-54 years age category in both men and women (Met S IDF=32.5% and Met S ATP III=20.7%). This might be a result of an age-related variation in different components of the Met S cluster such as WC, HDL-C and TG. Generally, women of the study population were more prone to Met S as per both definitions (Met S-IDF: Men=11%, Women=21.7% and Met S ATP III: Men=6%, Women =14.5%). Further, within the Met S category majority were females (Met S IDF-68.6% and Met S ATP- III-73.2%). Among the occupational categories house wives were at more risk of Met S (Met S IDF: 31.1% and Met S ATP III: 19.8%) and might be because of insufficient physical exercise, child delivery /menopause associated changes, the general reclining nature. No significant association was found between income, educational status and Met S. Logistic regression analysis revealed that sex( female), age (45-54 years), occupation ( house wife category), are directly associated with the development of Met S according to IDF as well as ATP-III criteria. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of Met S in Jimma Town was estimated to be 16.7% and 10.5 % by IDF and NCEP ATP III criteria respectively. Prevalence increases with age with a slight decline in the old age population; middle aged individuals (45-54 years age category) were at more risk; women were at greater risk compared to men in all age groups.

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