Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this review paper is to explore the risk factors contributing to incidence of orthopedic surgical site infection in addition to exploring the causative microorganisms for orthopedic surgical site infection and to set the strategies preventing such type of infection since this type of infection increases morbidity and burden on both patients and their healthcare institutions. Methods: A review was carried out on Wiley Online Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Medscape, and Science Direct, in addition to Google Scholar. The searching period limited to studies published between 1998 to 2015. Results: TwentyNine studies were included and analyzed in the review that generated four major domains: incidence of orthopedic surgical site infection, risk factors for orthopedic surgical site infection, causative microorganisms of orthopedic surgical site infection, and prevention of orthopedic surgical site infection. Analyzed literature revealed the predisposing factors of orthopedic surgical site infection and strategies to prevent such predisposing factors. Conclusion: The risk factors of orthopedic surgical site infection are both iatrogenic and patient-related and can be managed by evaluating patient's health status and establishing policies to control risk factors of orthopedic surgical site infection. Abbreviations: SSI: Surgical Site Infection. PJI: Peroprosthetic Joint Infection. MRSA: Methicillin Resistant Staph. Aurues. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus. BMI: Body Mass Index. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.