Abstract

Background-The emergence of resistance to drugs used to treat tuberculosis (TB), and particularly multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), has become a significant public health problem in a number of countries and an obstacle to effective TB control. In our study we tried to comprehend the prevalence of MDR TB in new cases and retreatment cases in suspected MDR cases in the department of pulmonary medicine MGM medical college and hospital Aurangabad, India. Methods- A prospective observational study was conducted between January 2015 and March 2016 at department of pulmonary medicine. all the sputum samples were sent to Government medical college Aurangabad where they were examined for AFB by direct microscopy after homogenization and concentration by Petroffs method and staining by Ziehl-Neelsen method. The specimens were subjected culture and sensitivity for M.Tuberculosis. Culture was performed on LJ Media and sensitivity was done for Rifampicin and Isoniazid .On the bases of Sensitivity patients were labeled as MDR/Mono resistance or Non MDR. Results- A total of 181 MDR suspects selected for the study .Patients were divided into 2 groups New cases and Retreatment cases which shows the prevalence of MDR is high in retreatment cases around 15.85 % when compared to New cases which is around 11.36 %. Mono resistance to INH was found to be 3.17%. Conclusion- Our study was conducted in a small number but which clearly states the levels of MDR in new cases was high when compared to the WHO global estimate 2014 of MDR in new and previously treated cases .This show there is a almost need to improve our diagnostic modalities and good treatment plans to reduce the prevalence of MDR both new and retreatment cases. Subjecting new cases for first line drug sensitivity testing should be implemented. Our study emphasize the need of first line drug sensitivity testing in all the new cases of Tuberculosis.