Perinatal Outcome and Histopathological Evaluation of Placentas in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Pregnancies

Abstract

Introduction: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which fetus fails to achieve its inherent growth potential. It is the second most common cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity following prematurity. Objectives: Objectives of this study were to see the perinatal outcome and histopathological changes in placenta in IUGR pregnancies. Material & Methods: 100 cases of IUGR were taken up for study along with 50 controls. Ultrasonography was done to evaluate the uteroplacental insufficiency. Placental weight and morphology and histopathology of placenta was done. Results: Prevalence of IUGR was more in younger age group 49%, primigravida 58%, low socio economic status 96% and rural background 77%. History of IUGR in previous pregnancy was 30%. Abnormal color Doppler was found in 47%. Placental weight was less in IUGR and histopathology of placenta showed fibrinoid necrosis in 48% and syncytial knots 44%. Neonatal mortality in the study came out to be 12%. Conclusion: Regular antenatal care is necessary to pick up IUGR pregnancies and once diagnosed ultrasonography for fetal growth and color Doppler help to decide the optimal time for delivery.